Why Did Adolf Pick The Jews? :: essays research papers

For what reason Did Adolf Pick The Jews? - - - - - - - - -      People now and again inquire as to why the Jews were the individuals to get hurt during the Holocaust or why Holocaust even occurred. Jews were the objectives of Holocaust in light of the fact that Adolf Hitler abhorred Jews and censured them for the entirety of the issues on the planet. He essentially reprimanded them for Germany's misfortune in World War I. Hitler told the German that they could have won the war, if the Germany had not been "stabbed in the back" by the Jews.            While Hitler's loathe was the principle purpose behind Holocaust, we don't know why it was permitted to go on to the passing of most the Jews and the others that Hitler abhorred. Hitler was helped in his arranging of Holocaust by the way that victimization Jews was satisfactory in Germany and barely any stood in opposition to it, however that is anything but a total answer. We should look rather to the way that the Nazi general convictions penetrated everything of life in Nazi Germany until there was nobody left to challenge Holocaust.      At the Nuremberg Trial, where the enduring pioneers of the Nazi gathering were gone after for their wrongdoings, two of the observers were asked whether Holocaust was an unavoidable consequence of Nazi general convictions. Otto Ohlendorf, a SS official who instructed a gathering which killed the Jews, believed that Holocaust was not a fundamental consequence of Nazi general convictions. A couple of days after the fact Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, a general in the SS who had battled in the attack of the Soviet Union, didn't concur. He stated, "If for quite a long time, for a considerable length of time, a tenet is lectured the impact that the Slav race is a second rate race, that the Jews are not even people, at that point a blast of this sort is inescapable.

The Alcoholic Republic free essay sample

The Alcoholic Republic The colonization of America achieved numerous better approaches forever: new day to day environments, new abilities to be scholarly, and new land to investigate and settle. Relations with the locals gave food and essential ranges of abilities, and it likewise made ready for new settlers showing up in such an outside land. Be that as it may, life for homesteaders coming to settle America was no get-away. Contingent upon your family’s foundation and where you chose to settle, day by day life was an experience. In Virginia, scalawags, who had never worked a day in their life, wasted their days drinking and gambling.New Hampshire set up real town squares; temples, schools, town lobbies. Before sufficiently long, notwithstanding, a comparable subject began to turn out to be increasingly more clear just as increasingly concerning. Liquor and unreasonable drinking turned out to be amazingly pervasive in early Americans’ lives. There are numerous elements that prompted such liquor abuse, and numerous elements that drove into the expanding quantities of Americans to grasp restraint. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Alcoholic Republic or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Bars were accepted, by the lower classes, to be nurseries of opportunity. By the high societies, they were accepted to be seedbeds for unruly, alcoholic, and subordinate settlers. Once more, because of numerous components, liquor addiction saw an unreasonable top just as unforgiving restriction from moderation gatherings. During the mid nineteenth century, numerous elements drove early Americans to over the top drinking. To start with, while pilgrims were building up their own towns and urban communities, one significant financial factor that prompted such hitting the bottle hard was that of exchange courses. Homesteaders started exchanging the West Indies and were getting rum as a component of bargain installments. These spirituous alcohols were anything but difficult to get and came in powerful sums. W. J. Rorabaugh noted, â€Å"Unlike different products, including molasses, run transported effectively, could be warehoused inexpensively, withstood any atmosphere and inappropriate dealing with, and expanded in an incentive as it matured. Rum was the cash of the age. †1 Such a convergence of rum into America made costs drop radically. Such sharp drops in cost made it feasible for workers to spend a day’s pay on a week’s flexibly of rum. Different components that prompted such intense drinking incorporate the ascent of refining just as American pride. Ranchers, when confronted with overabundance grain, understood that it could be refined into modest bourbon in huge quantities.Whiskey itself was simpler to transport than lumbering heaps of grain. The achievement of bourbon was expected, to some extent, to the way that numerous Scottish, Irish, and Scotch-Irish grain distillers moved to America during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. 2 While on the subject of migrants. A more troubled side to hitting the bottle hard is the way that numerous workers felt estranged in a country where each man was to feel the opportunity of being a genuine pilgrim. Numerous Irish outsiders came to America for modest work yet wound up spending their wages on alcohol, drinking themselves to death.One enormous factor, in any case, was the feeling of pride that went with drinking. During pilgrim times in America, it was normal for men to give their little youngsters alcohol. Numerous dads were glad when his child got mature enough to go with him to the bar where they could drink as equivalents from a similar glass. 3 Amongst generous consumers, there was a positive feeling of pride. While the well off drank costly alcohol, the lower class gorged on modest rum, gin, and bourbon. Americans likewise frequently discovered practically any event fit for a drink.Weddings, births, burial services, new specialists, old laborers leaving, early afternoon, nightcaps, and even discretionary occasions were not beyond reach. Indeed, huge numbers of those running for political positions transparently shared liquor in would like to pick up votes (Washington guaranteed one political decision was lost because of economical spending on the alcohol to be imparted to potential voters). 4 However, the crack between healthy consumers, the privileged, and the mild continuously caused for a significant decrease in the measure of liquor expended. All through colonization, liquor abuse confronted numerous hindrances. From mild Quakers to specialists guaranteeing medical problems, to the high society attempting to laud control over the lower classes, restraint started to show uncontrolled all through the country to the mid nineteenth century. Lower classes gorged on modest alcohol as an indication of freedom from the privileged just as items from the very powers they battled to pick up their autonomy. Be that as it may, most of consumers picked a specific sort of liquor dependent on certain individual attributes. These nerves rely exclusively upon both the degree of inspiration for accomplishment and the degree of their aspirations.Many Americans drank beforehand to feel a feeling of kinship with their kindred grogs. Those with low inspirations had less trust in their capacity to arrive at targets endured more prominent uneasiness and this drank more. In the late 1920’s when America started to see quickening monetary development, the restraint development thrived. Americans began to understand their imperativeness and that alcohol gave neither bliss to the individual nor a steady society. Moderation pioneers utilized a couple of methods to convince individuals to stop drinking as well.They upheld strict confidence as a path for individuals to facilitate the tensions that drove them to drink too much. Then again, they likewise indicated individuals that drinking was a wellspring of that very uneasiness, however it was additionally a hotspot for extra nervousness. 5 In 1830, the yearly per capita utilization of liquor among Americans remained at its unsurpassed high of 3. 9 gallons. By and large, every man, lady, and kid in the United States drank right around four gallons of straight liquor consistently. By 1845, that normal had dove to 1 gallon even, the least figure ever, aside from the dozen years of Prohibition. What caused such a fast and extraordinary change? To state that it was the consequence of the balance development, however right, makes one wonder: Why was the restraint development so astoundingly fruitful? Books have been composed regarding the matter, obviously; yet in a nutshell, the appropriate response has to do with the gigantic change in American culture that occurred in the principal half of the nineteenth century.The industrialization of the economy; the centralization of work; the upheavals in transportation and correspondence; the recovery of feeling based religion in what is known as the Second Great Awakening †every one of these components and increasingly joined to make a general public in which needs and wants that had recently been fulfilled by inebriation currently were fulfilled by restraint (or if nothing else balance), without the physical and en thusiastic damaging tendency that accompanied intoxication.Despite the uncertainty of the numbers, there is little uncertainty that liquor utilization in the primary many years of the nineteenth century was both across the board and generous. Americans themselves commented on it, as did explorers from abroad, and they considered the to be as genuine as well as developing. Simultaneously, contemporary eyewitnesses recommend that while substantial drinking was normal all over the place, it was not basic to see Americans drunk.In different words, Americans were so acclimated with drinking that they had built up a higher resilience for the impacts of liquor; or, in the expressions of a Scotsman of the time, they were â€Å"in a specific degree prepared. † So, while not maybe in fact boozers, Americans were unquestionably, in the expressions of one history specialist, â€Å"enjoying a stupendous gorge. † In the United States, in 1830, per capita liquor utilization crested at record levels and afterward started to decrease as the moderation development attempted to shorten American drinking.Although the objective of a calm country was praiseworthy, the movement’s central inclination toward a white, white collar class crowd exacerbated developing pressures with the lower class and pointed out the issues of bondage and racial imbalance, eventually creating social clashes comparable to those it was attempting to mitigate. Reference section 1. W. J. Rorabaugh, The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), 64. 2. Rorabaugh, 69. 3. Rorabaugh, 13. 4. Rorabaugh, 152. 5. Rorabaugh, 192-193

Principle Events in the Evolution of Earths Atmosphere essays

Rule Events in the Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere papers The strict interpretation of the word air is circle of fumes. The Earth's air is a defensive circle of fumes or air that encompasses the Earth and gives it a layer of protection from the destructive beams of the sun. It is an essential piece of the Earth and has changed drastically since the very beginning. The world's environment had step by step changed since the Earth's introduction to the world around 4.6 million years prior. First and foremost, Earth's creation was altogether different than how it exists today. Quite a while prior the Earth's environment was fundamentally the same as the present Venus and Mar's air. It had about 95% carbon dioxide, 2-3% nitrogen, and practically nothing, under 1% oxygen. Today the Earth contains 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 3% water fume. It is obvious that numerous occasions occurred more than billions of years that have added to this adjustment in the Earth's environment. Earth had grown so radically due to the a lot of residue and gas cloud inside the Milky Way universe. The Earth developed bigger as colossal shooting stars hit it, and the surface was secured with dust. Volcanoes started to shape and radiated magma, debris, and in particular gases. Carbon dioxide, water fume, and nitrogen were discharged into the environment from the volcanoes. This procedure is called outgassing and occurred inside the initial million years or so of the Earth's development. At that point, around 4 billion years prior, the planet cooled, and the outgassed water fumes dense into mists. It came down and created the seas, and sufficiently even to cover 95% of the Earth. Additionally, in light of the fact that it down-poured, there was less carbon dioxide in the environment. The carbon dioxide was lost more than billions of years, as the sea framed there was a compound response in which carbon dioxide and water shaped carbonic corrosive. It is appeared in the condition CO2 + H2O = H2CO3. The carbonic corrosive broke down maritime stone into sand, residue, and mud. It is apparent on account of this geochemical procedure occurre... <!

Veterinary Essay Example For Students

Veterinary Essay At the point when I previously showed up Lisa The young lady that I shadowed let me know thatthere was a crisis with one of the creatures. It wound up that a one-year-oldbeagle ate a whole thing of metabolite, and afterward gradually began to kick the bucket. Theliver had closed down, and the pulse was up to 300. Lisa disclosed to me that takinga thing of metabolite resembled taking 50 cups of espresso without a moment's delay. The proprietors ofthe beagle were there and bowling. The beagles name was Murry. Murrys bodyslowly was closing down one thing after another. The proprietors made the decisionthe hound would have been taken care of. We prepared the pooch to be taken out. Theyundid all the lines from the pooch so they could take it to another room. I saidgoodbye to the canine, and afterward they brought it into the other room so that the ownerscould be there when they put him to bed. After that happened they at that point had toput a rest a little hedgehog that had malignancy on its mouth. We at that point did tworegular tests with one feline and with one pooch. Those when incredible. After that wehad a canine come in and it wound up having a friendship that may wind up killingit. I never heard the final product. The exact opposite thing that I did there was that ablack lab had been chomped by another pooch, and that canine tore a gap in the neckof the dark lab. The specialists needed to perform medical procedure on the canine to shut everything down in the neck. They originally needed to wipe it out with qutips. Also, blood statedto come out right then I was somewhat woozy and I thought I was going to black out. We will compose a custom paper on Veterinary explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In any case, thank god I didnt. I saw a feline get dental work on it. What's more, a feline get abath and they needed to blow dry it and brush the hair while it was a rest. Ithought that the work place condition was extremely spotless and exceptionally proficient. Onmy pictures on the banner it gives you that they even had a spot for canines to goin and a different spot for felines to go in they likewise have diverse holding up roomsfor every one of them. I might effortlessly work in a spot that will be that clean,and so sorted out. I took in numerous things there from synthetic concoctions how much theyneed the amount they use math and science, to there association abilities, and thereabillity to have the option to speak with the creatures and have the option to not cry evertime they need to take care of them. The things that they do barely relate towhat Im doing in school at the present time, in light of the fact that Im not excessively shrewd yet. Be that as it may, inscience we a re finding out about various synthetic concoctions together and how they make areaction. Additionally Im figuring out how to keep everything quite sorted out, so Iknow where everything that I need is. I watched numerous practices that they showedthat would be significant in a great deal of employments. One of those are there communicationskills. To have the option to work with a wide range of individuals under the kind of stressthat they can be in is hard. That aplies to a great deal of occupations in light of the fact that a ton ofdifferent employments make you work under a ton of worry with various individuals atthe same time. There are innumerable aptitudes that you take on with you to collegeor even work. Benevolence, cleanness, association, and above all else individuals skillswith out that you not have the option to deal with being in a vocation with others. Beinga veterinarian is something that I have in every case even since I was a little girlhave needed to be. I have const antly cherished creatures expesialy hounds. I love to takecare of them to prepare them, and above all to cause them to feel better. This isexactly what a veterinarian does each day. Nothing was downright awful about the jobshadow. It was an extraordinary encounter and I had a ton of fun. However, one thing is theanimals biting the dust a canine and a hedgehog. It was extremely miserable to see the proprietors crying,but to turn into a veterinarian you need to become acclimated to being around creatures biting the dust, and taking care of them frequently. What I enjoyed the most was beingable to get them out when they need. Regardless of whether it was simply holding the canine or catdown. I cherished being in one of the al fits and having the option to interface with thedoctors and help out the creatures despite the fact that Im under age. I still more thenever need to be a veterinarian being with the creatures and on the site just builtup my expectations of getting one significantl y more. I cannot hold up till I head off to college andstudy about this. This fantasy about turning into a veterinarian I dont think willever pass I need it approach to a lot. The most significant thing that I learned wouldhave to be that you should have the option to deal with yourself before patients thatare in tears in light of there creature. What's more, that you should be the consistent one notthe one that is falling a section since you simply put a creature to bed.

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Essay Topic

Essay Topics - How to Choose the Best Essay TopicThe purpose of your essay topic is to capture the interest of students who are visiting your class. With an essay, it is the first thing students see. The same is true for them in finding out if a college or university is worth their time.The best essay topic could be a story about the town you live in. This could be true and fabricated. But if it is true, then your essay will engage the interest of students who may decide to go on after earning their degree.It is therefore vital that you have a well-thought out essay topic. Most essays will be based on topics that one hears in conversation. It is crucial that your topic is related to the subject of your research. After all, the topic should convey to your audience a glimpse of what you are researching.Since it is hard to find out if a topic could actually be relevant to your town, the best course of action is to come up with a topic that you can relate to at least in a superficial man ner. There are ways to determine if a topic is good enough to be a topic of your college or university essay. If you see the topic comes up a lot in conversations, you may want to think about revising your topic.When choosing a topic, you need to consider whether the topic is related to the theme of your essay. Is it an academic subject or is it a personal or local subject? The theme should also be of relevance. If it is not related to the topic, it is likely to distract your audience and they will turn off.You need to also consider the content of the topic. One of the best subjects for essay topics is history. It is because this is a story that will capture the interest of your audience and they will look forward to hearing about your research.A combination of these three things is highly important to ensure that your essay topics are the best. Otherwise, you risk losing your audience.

Overview of the Aztec Empire - Free Essay Example

From the start of the 1300s to the early 1500s, central Mexico was dominated by a Mesoamerican culture called the Aztecs. Previously inhibited by the Toltecs, the land left behind was marshy. While exploring the land, the Aztecs saw an eagle perched on a cactus. This was taken as a sign to start their culture here (Aztecs). After years of growth, this community quickly grew into an empire. The Aztec empire was divided into 3 city states and many different ethnic groups and religious beliefs. These city states all had different beliefs and values, but one cultural practice that was consistent throughout was the Aztec sacrifice. Aztec culture believed it was their duty to please the gods, and that the fate of the universe depended on it. This was a big example that religion was a big part of the Aztec culture and that the Aztecs would do anything for their gods. This strength of religion caused boundaries to be set, however, also helped the downfall and eventual end of the Aztec empire. Within Aztec religion, the gods were made up of a hierarchy. Starting with 3 main gods, followed by 4 more gods and finally followed by an infinite amount of gods. Most of these gods required sacrifices. These sacrifices were very expressive of the values, beliefs and boundaries of the Aztecs. All were eligible for sacrifice, as even some gods required children. These sacrifices happened often too, as one was needed at the end of each month, which in Aztec culture, happened 18 times in each cycle. Due to this, the number of people needed to sacrifice was substantial, so there were many methods to bringing people in. First, the Aztecs would use any prisoners that they could capture from wars they fought in. But, the Aztecs didnt fight in enough wars to fulfill all the sacrificial needs. In order to get the right amount of people, the Aztecs held Flower Wars (10 Horrors of Aztec Ritual Human Sacrifice). These wars were fought by different Mesoamerican cities and was also used for comba t training. If one were to die during the war, it would be a noble death. However, during most wars, the plan was not to kill enemies but to injure. But, if any enemies were captured, they would be used for sacrifice. Next, some Aztec people believed that the act of sacrifice was holy and volunteered. In fact, some Aztec prisoners were unhappy that they could not die a noble death after being saved. This is a good depiction of how the Aztecs viewed and worshipped gods. Nevertheless, all of these sacrifices had their benefits and disadvantages. While the Aztecs were performing all of the sacrifices to sustain the universe, they were also halting the growth and expansion of their empire. At an estimated 50,000 sacrifices per year, it is interesting to think how the Aztecs would have survived if they did not execute all these people. This kind of treatment was actually necessary to complete some sacrifices. Some sacrificial festivals celebrated by the Aztecs had more implications than just a sacrifice. For example, Tlacaxipehualiztli and Toxcatl were similar in the way that they selected one man to be treated like a god. During Tlacaxipehualiztli, or The Festival of the Flaying of Men, one man is picked to dress like the Aztec god Xipe Totec, whose name translates to The Flayed One (10 Horrors of Aztec Ritual Human Sacrifice). For the 40 days leading up to the festival, the chosen one is blanketed in feathers and jewels to resemble The Flayed One. Finally, when the day of the festival arrives, the chosen one and eight other impersonators of god were killed. Following the killing, the priests would skin the corpses and die them yellow. The skins were either given to the priests to dance in or to young men who would spend the next 20 days begging. Next, the Festival of Toxcatl had special requirements based on looks to determine who could dress up like the god Tezcatlipoca. The chosen one needed to have smooth skin and straight, long hair. Once chosen, his skin would be painted black and he was given a flower crown, seashell breastplate and lots of jewelry to wear. Along with this, he was given four wives. The only thing he needed to do was go through town playing a flute and smelling flowers so the people could honor him. After 12 months, it was time for the sacrifice. The chosen one would then walk up the stairs of a great pyramid. On his walk up to the top, he would break all of his flutes. Once at the top, a priest helped lay him down. From that point on they would begin to rip his heart out of his body. Believing all of this was necessary to please the gods, everything the Aztecs did perfectly portrayed their values and beliefs. No one in their right mind would want to get their heart ripped out, but if you were an Aztec and it would please a god, anything goes. This gives a good sense to the relationship between individual and group in the Aztec community. Whi le within the smaller states in Aztec culture, warriors were the most respected. However, in the bigger picture of the community, the main goal is to please the gods. With this it was easy to find a role. In Fredrik Barths Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, he explains how when a community focuses, on what is socially effective, ethnic groups are seen as a form of social organization (Barth). In The Multicultural Riddle, Gerd Baumann says that religion provides a point of orientation, and it always points to the same objective pole. (Chegg). There is a connection between this and the Aztecs as their constant objective pole was nourishment of the gods. The Aztecs focused on pleasing and nourishing the gods, making it easy for them. This also ties into the boundaries of the Aztecs. Their boundaries expanded as far as their god needed it to. A prime example is cannibalism. Anyone today would think eating someone after you sacrificed them would be crazy; but the Aztecs accepted that because their gods allowed it. However, in The Symbolic Construction of Community, by Anthony Cohen, Cohen states that some rituals, would be unable to recognize much of it as symbolism. (Cohen). This inability causes a boundary between everyone and the Aztecs. The Aztec empire fell in the early 1500s. There were many factors to this fall, but it was coming. After the Spanish invaded, the diseases they brought wiped out 80% of the Aztec population (Aztec History). This speaks a lot about how the perceptions and actions of outsiders affected the Aztecs. Today, the Aztecs are only history to the larger world. However, the Aztecs set many examples for their predecessors. The execution of multiple city states and an excellent economy led the way. During the peak years of the Aztec empire, some Aztec markets were visited by over 50,000 people a day. This was plenty to keep the economy going steadily. However, since the Aztecs are from the 1300s to the 1500s, they did not have the socio-political boundaries of a nation state. For someone that lives in a nation state, this quote by Baumann in The Multicultural Riddle explains how the Aztecs solve their own problem. The quote says that Religious conviction is the oldest problem of the modern nation -state. (Baumann). If we are considering the Aztecs though, there is no religious problem within their entire empire. Nevertheless, the Aztec religion had its downfalls. With all the sacrifices, the Aztecs diminished what could have been a massive empire. While it was not the main reason for the end of the empire, it sure did not help that the gods required so many people. Sources The Evolution Katz, Friedrich. The Evolution of Aztec Society. Past Present, no. 13, 1958, pp. 14â€Å"25. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/649866. Sacrifice Harner, Michael. The Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice. American Ethnologist, vol. 4, no. 1, 1977, pp. 117â€Å"135. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/643526. History Aztecs. Edited by History.com Editors, History.com, AE Television Networks, 27 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/ancient-americas/aztecs. Listverse 10 Horrors Of Aztec Ritual Human Sacrifice. Listverse, Listverse, 20 Dec. 2016, listverse.com/2016/12/20/10-horrors-of-aztec-ritual-human-sacrifice/. Barth Barth, Fredrik. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Wavelend Press, Inc., 1998. Aztec History Aztec History. Aztec Economy, www.aztec-history.net/. Baumann The Multicultural Riddle. Routledge, 1999. [Chegg].

Constructive Communication A Solid Foundation for...

Parenting is a very complex process that involves many factors both internal and external. Parenting and the components involved in it are varied and wide reaching. There isnt one successful method to parenting or having a positive experience. However, there are many underlying aspects that are universal in the pursuit of a successful parenting experience. Communication is one of those underlying factors. Without question, proper communication is essential to successful parenting and the development of children. Without proper communication, there would be no feedback mechanism in which to properly coach and change negative behaviors. There would also be no means of successfully adapting to change with the child and the parents themselves. As such, communication provides the solid foundation by which parenting can become successful and fulfilling. According to Home and School Relations by Glenn Olsen Mary Lou Fuller, communication is an integral aspect of the any performance standard. Without communication, the parents effectiveness is diminished due to lack of awareness. To improve performance and effectiveness all stakeholders with a direct connection to the parent should be involved (Shannon, 1949). Broad participation is the mechanism through which this is accomplished. Broad participation allows for involvement in all levels of the family. 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AllRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesdesigned to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. 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Factors Affecting Organizational Design - 1374 Words

Factors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. In reality, if the organization is very small, it may not even have a formal structure. Instead of following an organizational chart or specified job functions, individuals simply perform tasks based on their likes, dislikes, ability, and/or need. Rules and guidelines are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the older the organization and the larger the organization, the greater its need for more structure, more specialization of tasks, and more rules. As a result, the older and larger the organization becomes, the greater the likelihood that it will move from an organic structure to a mechanistic structure. Strategy How an organization is going to position itself in the market in terms of its product is considered its strategy. A company may decide to be always the first on the market with the newest and best product (differentiation strategy), or it may decide that it will produce a product already on the market more efficiently and more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Each of these strategies requires a structure that helps the organization reach its objectives. In other words, the structure must fit the strategy. Companies that want to be the first on the market with the newest and best product probably are organic, because organic structures permit organizations to respond quickly to changes. Companies that elect to produce the same products more efficiently and effectively will probably be mechanistic. Environment The environment is the world in which the organization operates, and includes conditions that influence the organization such as economic, social-cultural, legal-political, technological, and natural environment conditions. Environments are often described asShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Organizational Design1359 Words   |  6 PagesFactors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. In reality, if the organizationRead MoreFactors Affecting Job Design1594 Words   |  7 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING JOB DESIGN Job design is affected by organizational, environmental and behavioral factors. A properly designed job will make it more productive and satisfying .If a job fails on this count, it must be redesigned based on the feedback. The various factors affecting job design are the following Organizational factors Organizational factors include characteristics of task, work flow, ergonomics and work practices. Characteristics of Task: Job design requires the assemblyRead MoreWhy Job Design Is An Effective Mechanism For Providing Employees Voice1713 Words   |  7 PagesCritically evaluate whether job design is an effective mechanism to provide employees voice. Buchanan (1979) defines job design as â€Å"the specification of contents, methods and relationship of jobs in order to satisfy technological and organizational requirements as well as the social and personal requirements of the jobholder.† Job design arranges and often rearranges responsibilities and relationships associated with various tasks and determines authority and interdependence of various jobs so asRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1252 Words   |  6 Pagesrequire the following revisions, starting with the code of ethics, issue identification and ideas affecting software architecture department will drive the upgraded growth. Achieving amplified productivity, and a restructured business model that outfits future profits. Correspondingly, meeting the focus on ethical and professional business objectives that satisfies stakeholders and organizational needs. Code of Ethics Adhering to professional ethics will strengthen the organization’s pursuitRead MoreOrganizational Design Is Defined As A Guided Process That Integrates People, Information And Technology Of An Organization1075 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational design is defined as a guided process that integrates people, information and technology of an organization (Carpenter et al., 2014). In an era where organizations are constantly competing to be the best, decisions on organizational design are vital to achieve overall performance. This is evident from the studies by Child (2005) which suggest that the strength of organizational structure increases efficiency. This essay will explore the classical and contingency theories and criticallyRead MoreUsing Data Collection And Data Analysis1427 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Design This study utilized a survey design that involved qualitative methods of data collection and data analysis. The study will utilize online sources that have already been published that include peer-reviewed papers, journals, books and reliable internet sources of the distinctive companies. The internet was searched for important information relating to management in the three major identified organizational designs. Different databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, Business SourceRead MoreCulture and Structure1270 Words   |  6 PagesSome form of organizational culture and structure exist in every organization. Successful organizations are often credited with having an appropriate organizational culture and/or structure in place that allows them to reach success. Many companies can believe that they have the needed structure in place to assure success; yet they fail where others succeed. Some work very well, and some just do not work at all. For any organizational culture and structure to function properly, it seems as thoughRead MoreDifference Between Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment and the Impact of Star Model on Job816 Words   |  4 PagesJob Enlargement Job Enlargement is a job design method that adds more responsibilities, duties and workload so that the employee doesn’t feel bored or uncoordinated at the workplace. Job enlargement can add variety in the job giving the employee more wider and not limited number of tasks. It helps the organization to utilize the worker fruitfully. It also increases the simulation for the worker. Example: For instance, in a graphic designing company, an employee who does work in Photoshop to createRead MoreSkills in Employees and Managers1165 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis This articles aims to examine the Perceived organizational support and supervisory support in transfer of training, and motivation to learn. Longitudinal field study was conducted to examine these researches. Literature Review: Support provided by supervisor and perceived organizational support is positively related to trainee self efficacy and motivation to learn (Dan S. Chiaburu, Karen Van Dam and Holly M. Hutchins 2010). Perceived organizational support is directly related to trainees trainingRead MoreBusiness Analysis: WellStar Health Systems Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesEndocrinology, Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Disease, General Surgery, Rehabilitation, Pathology, and Rheumatology. WellStar’s organizational design is composed of internal and external factors that define the organization’s size, organizational structure, and processes. Internal and external factors are the basis for influencing managerial conclusions in decision-making. These factors vary from organization to organization and are the rationale for understanding WellStar’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities

Cognitive Behavior Therapy A Rehabilitation Alternative

Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Rehabilitation Alternative in Corrections The prison was designed as a place of punishment for those who would commit criminal acts. The purpose of prison is to punish the criminals, protect the public and reform the criminals back to law abiding citizens before reintegrating them back into society. Prison conditions are hard on inmates in general, because of overcrowding, violence, lack of privacy, lack of meaningful activities, isolation from family and friends, uncertainty about life after prison, and inadequate health services. Such an environment can take a toll on the mental health of inmates. The environment can aggregate issues such as anger, violence, addiction, and depression. Correctional†¦show more content†¦Re-arrest rates ranged from 33.8 percent of offenders in the lowest criminal history category to 80.1 percent of offenders in the highest criminal history category; An offender’s age at the time of release was also closely correlated with recidivism. Offenders released prior to age 21 had the highest re-arrest rate, at 67.6 percent, compared to 16.0 percent for those offenders over 60 years of age at the time of release; Other factors, including offense type and educational level, were also associated with differing rates of recidivism but less strongly than age and criminal history. Recidivism remains an important subject in corrections. Recidivism places a burden on prisons that are already overcrowded, prison officials that are outnumbered, and the limited budgets in which prisons are expected to operate. Administrators are continually seeking solutions to prevent recidivism. These solutions come in a variety of forms. One solution is with cognitive behavior based therapy programs. Studies have shown that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has reduced the recidivism rates of juveniles and adults, those battling with drug andShow MoreRelatedIndividual And Family Structured Therapy Models Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured therapy models, there exists pros and cons. Individual therapy, as mentioned before, is centered around a client–counselor interaction, where the counselor focuses his or her attention on the client’s needs. This provides a one–on–one interaction that encourages openness and security. During individual therapy, the client has the counselors undivided attention. This in return allows the counselor to focus specifically on the clients concerns. As we’ve explored already, individual therapy hasRead MoreThe Success Rate Of An Alcohol Treatment Center918 Words   |  4 Pagesrelatively difficult, because there are so many centers throughout the country. However, there are multiple sources that indicate a gen eralized success rate. For example, Alcoholics Anonymous did a survey of people in its group who have finished rehabilitation treatment and found that 35% of its members were sober for more than five years. That is a success rate of just over a third and that s only for one organization. Alcoholics Anonymous utilizes the 12-Step program, which is a common guidelineRead MorePhysical Skills Training For An Athlete940 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Skills Training might actually shorten the total rehabilitation time an athlete might face in a temporary injury, however, there are no studies that prove this. Psychological Skills Training might include counseling sessions with an athletic therapist, group sessions with other injured athletes, and motor imagery throughout whatever limb is injured so to speed up the recovery process. At a young age, bonds are made in neighborhoods, skills are identified and teammates are recruitedRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Major Impact On The Social, Educational, And Occupational Development Of Individuals1729 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of individuals. Psychotherapy has been found to treat people with a mental disorder by helping them understand their illness. It teaches people strategies and gives them tools to deal with stress, unhealthy thoughts, and unhealthy behaviors. Psychotherapy helps patients manage their symptoms better and function at their best in everyday life. Sometimes psychotherapy alone may be the best treatment for a person, depending on the illness and its severity. Other times, psychotherapyRead MoreAssessment Of Chronic Pain1329 Words   |  6 Pagespain assessment tool. Some of the examples of standardized assessment tools are the 0-10 Numeric Pain Intensity Scale and the Wong Baker FACES scale. Determine the full impact of pain on the client. Determine the behavioral impact. This is the behaviors demonstrated by the client and by the client’s family and/or caregivers in response to the pain. Note the affective or the emotional response of the client to the pain. Determine if the pain is affecting the client’s sleep. Also, determine if theRead MoreEssay about Alternative Methods of Healing: Music Therapy1561 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative methods of healing have been utilized by non-western medicine for generations. The use of acupuncture to heal everything from seasickness to muscle soreness is well documented and widely used. Physical therapy is often a precursor to surgery and many times will prevent the need to undergo a more invasive procedure. A lesser-known form of alternative healing but becoming more popular is music therapy. In the late 18th century, scientists began to investigate the effects of music onRead MoreWhy Do People Commit Crime?130 0 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the role of rehabilitation in the justice system (using three theories of crime to back up) The Oxford Dictionary defines a crime as an action or omission, which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law . Criminological studies look into why individuals commit crime and why they behave the way they do in certain situations. By understanding this, one is able to develop theories and develop ways to control crime or rehabilitate the individual. The aim of rehabilitation is to preventRead MoreAlternative Juvenile Placements : Alternative Programs For Youth917 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Juvenile Placements Alternative programs for youth were developed for mild and less serious delinquents. Over the years, the program has seen a surge in electronic home monitoring, community intensive supervision programs which service serious offenders in addition to minor cases. At times, group homes may house repeated youth offenders. Regardless of the placement, 24-hour supervision is provided in a unique way. The Community Intensive Supervision Program (CISP) was createdRead MoreRehabilitation and Recidivism1436 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen great debate about whether rehabilitation reduces the rate of recidivism in criminal offenders. There has been great controversy over whether anything works to reduce recidivism and great hope that rehabilitation would offer a reduction in those rates. In this paper I will introduce information and views on the reality of whether rehabilitation does indeed reduce recidivism. Proposed is a quasi-experiment, using a group of offenders that received rehabilitation services and an ex post factoRead MoreNarrative Therapy1612 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative therapy is a family counseling approach that continues to evolve and gain popularity in the field of therapy (Chang Nylund, 2013). Given the continued strides of narrative therapy this is a family counseling approach worthy of research. This paper will detail the beginnings of narrative therapy and those responsible for its development. Although White and Epston are the leading figures of narrative therapy many individuals with varying backgrounds and beliefs influenced their thinking

School Uniforms Persuasive Essay - 1069 Words

Today, many schools around the world enforce uniforms, requiring students to wear specific clothing. School uniforms, which was first established in 16th century England, are a topic of much debate in the public school system of the United States. Many people feel that uniforms reduce competition among students and bring a sense of unity in school. People who are against school uniforms think that they prevent students from expressing themselves and inhibits creativity. Many students dislike school uniforms because uniforms can be viewed as a violation of their rights, while others benefit from uniforms because it relieves the stress of picking what to wear to school. Although school uniforms do have its benefits, they also limit†¦show more content†¦It is a belief that school uniforms teach students to respect their learning environment and behave themselves, and, therefore improving discipline. However, that assumption isn’t entirely correct. Researchers have actual ly found that school uniforms don’t make students better behaved. According to a study of more than 4,500 students, those who wore a school uniform did not have fewer behavior problems or better attendance. Forcing students to wear uniforms lead to more problems and misbehavior instead of encouraging discipline. Students could get into trouble if they did not wear their uniforms correctly. Many kids in today’s society cannot stand the thought of someone telling them what to do, especially what to wear. Instead of encouraging respect, uniforms may cause rebellions. For example, in 2009, a group of students at John A. Ferguson Senior High School rebelled against their school uniforms. Instead of following their school uniform requirements, the students wore what they thought would be a better school uniform to school. Not only uniforms don’t earn schools the respect from its students, but it may also lead to more problems. Some critics say that school uniforms inc rease the amount of clothing that parents have to buy for their children, meaning that they would have to spend more money. Students wouldn’t wear their uniforms outside of school, so parents would have to buy casual clothing for their child to wear outside of school.Show MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesMake a Difference? If schools could automatically have more safety, a stronger sense of unity within students, and higher self esteem for every individual student at a minimal cost without transgressing any laws, or stepping over students rights it is doubtful that many would turn up their nose to all of these things. There is no difference between this situation and the benefits that school dress codes would provide. While the majority of public schools do not require uniforms, the ones that do reportRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms979 Words   |  4 PagesThe age old argument of whether or not uniforms and dress codes should be enforced in schools seems to never conclude. The issue of appropriate clothing in schools is controversial and provoking. Many argue that abolishing a student’s choice in their attire violates their freedom of expression. Students use what they wear to express themselves; their clothing gives them a sense of a unique style and identity. Others argue that pe rmitting students to wear whatever clothing they like can create unnecessaryRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation (2016), an estimated 160,000 students missed school every day due to a fear of violence and harassment from their peers. Students at many schools, including my own, have become more divided. This division has resulted in bullying especially towards students that stand out from the crowd with the way they look and dress. Along with continuing the anti-bullying programs already in place, public schools should implement a school uniform in order to reduce divisions among students, which shouldRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1422 Words   |  6 PagesCatholic elementary school, middle school, and high school. I found it easier to attend and focus on school when wearing the same clothes as everyone else. Today, tiny southern towns even to the nations largest cities, public school uniforms have become so common this year t hat in many areas, they are no longer the exception, but the rule (Lewin â€Å"Dress for Success: Public School Uniforms†). Imagine a parent’s comfort in knowing their child was being treated as an equal at school each and every dayRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms717 Words   |  3 Pages The idea of school uniforms has been a vital point within school districts for a long time now. As a parent with two kids within the school system, it is a popular trend amongst schools as both my children’s schools require for their student to wear uniform. However, more recently, students as well as parents are beginning to disagree with the enforcement with school uniforms as they believe uniforms are possibly taking away the right of self-expression for students. Although this is a valid complaintRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms723 Words   |  3 Pagesmandatory for students to wear uniforms, they have evidently been misled. Uniforms kill individua lity and creativity, are too expensive for some, and can lower both self-esteem and performance of students in school. Many critics are bringing to light the crisis of dropping individuality and creativity; we cannot afford let it plummet any further. School uniforms destroy diversity and kill courage, on top of preventing individual student expression. In addition, school uniforms provide an almost jail likeRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Uniform Adoption in Public Schools Ever wonder what it would look like to have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform policesRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1671 Words   |  7 Pages Hari Mainali South University School Uniform â€Æ' Abstract Freedom of dress is violated by restricting on school uniform. A school and university have their own dress code which does not require a particular dress. Some researcher and scholar suggest misbehavior in the student are the result of banning uniform. But misbehavior is what they acquired in their life. Banning uniform, student can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be able to focus on education and saveRead MoreSchool uniform persuasive essay2016 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ School Uniforms: Agree or not? Uniforms are globally used at schools around the world, especially schools in Asia. In Asia, the policy of wearing uniform enforces strongly during school hours and whenever at schools. The policy is enforced because schools want to teach discipline to their students and prevent unanticipated troubles at school. The policy of school uniforms is not completely implemented in the United States, especially public schools. According to the US Department of Education,Read MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1889 Words   |  8 Pagesfor all schools to implement school uniforms in the classroom for all students. Schools everywhere across the America are changing their policies due to changes of their dress code. Whether it be due to vulgar language, inappropriate content, or the same outfit for all students, this is becoming more popular across America. In a recent study done by Statistic Brain it has shown that twenty three percent of countries across of America have implemented a pol icy that requires school uniforms. The school

Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking. Answer: Introduction In this report, financial analysis has been made to evaluate the financial performance of company. It is evaluated that financial tools such as ratio analysis, capital budgeting and bottom up analysis assists investors to make effective investment decisions. In this report, JB Hi-Fi Company has been taken into consideration to make effective investment decision. Financial analysis is the effective investment tool which is used to evaluate business growth, financial performance and all the ups and down of the company. It is evaluated that if investors wants to invest their money in JB Hi-Fi company then they will have to evaluate all the ups and down and financial performance of JB Hi-Fi company (Bloomberg, 2017). JB Hi-Fi Company is a New Zealand Retailers Company selling consumer goods, specializing in Video games and electronic appliance and indulged in selling all the electronic goods and services around the globe. This company has been adopted cyber computing enterprises resources planning in its business with a view to increase the overall productivity of functioning (JB Hi-Fi Company, 2017). Financial analysis of the JB HI-FI company The financial Ratio analysis helps in evaluating the financial performance of JB Hi-Fi Company and its all the ups and down in the market since last five years. The ratio analysis used in this report helps in evaluating the financial ups and down of JB Hi-Fi Company. This ratio analysis of JB Hi-Fi Company will help investors to evaluate all the financial performance and liquidity and business efficiency of company. It helps in determine the relation between two factors of the financial statement of company (JB Hi-Fi Company, 2017) JB Hi-Fi Company has maintained stable financial performance of company since last five years. It is evaluated that in 2013, JB Hi-Fi Company had 1.38 current ratio that has increased to 1.32 in 2017. It could be considered that company has maintained stable and effective current ratio (JB Hi-Fi Company, 2017). Description Formula JB Hi-Fi Limited 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Current ratio Current assets/current liabilities 1.32 1.57 1.62 1.64 1.28 Quick Ratio Current assets-Inventory/current liabilities 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.34 0.31 Quick ratio- This ratio reflects JB Hi-Fi Companys ability to pay off its short term debts with the help of quick assets. JB Hi-Fi Company had .31 quick ratios which have increased to .35. It shows that company has made high investment in its inventory. This ratio reflects the relation between total turnover and earning of company. The profitability of company is increased throughout the time and JB Hi-Fi Company has shown high stable profitable functioning. Return on equity- This ratio reflects the return available to equity shareholders. (Bloomberg, 2017). JB Hi-Fi Company has reduced its return on equity to 030 as compared to .35 since last five years. It has shown that JB Hi-Fi Company has reduced its return earing capacity or increased its cost of capital. Return on assets- It shows the relation between net profit and total assets of company. It as shown that company has decreased its return on assets from .47 to .201 in 2017 since last five years. JB Hi-Fi Company has reduced its return on assets due to high cost of debts and low level of return available on assets (Zhu, 2014). Description Formula JB Hi-Fi Limited 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Profitability Return on equity Net profit/revenues 0.0305615 0.0384421 0.0375137 0.0367394 0.03507 Return on assets Net profit/Equity 0.2014052 0.3753086 0.3994169 0.4338983 0.47737 Financial leverage EBIT / EBIT - Interest 1.0428016 1.0184332 1.0307692 1.0494505 1.05952 Asset turnover total assets / total sales *365 159.0876 91.665402 89.450986 90.097589 93.0154 Earnings per share Net income pref. div / shares outstanding 0.3917995 3.1020408 2.4035088 2.2068966 1.84127 Financial leverage ratio- This ratio of JB Hi-Fi Company has shown companys ability to pay off its interest from its earning. It has been observed that JB Hi-Fi Company has financial leverage ratio of 1.04 since last five years. It shows that company has increased its financial leverage ratio to 1.04 which is good for the business functioning (Bloomberg, 2017). Earnings per share- JB Hi-Fi Company has increased its earning per share and maintained 1.84. It has increased its earning per share by 1.50 points as compared to last five years data. Nonetheless, JB Hi-Fi Company had earing per share of 3.1 which decreased to .39 in 2017 (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013) This ratio reflects how well company has managed its business. It is observed that company has increased its business efficiency as compared to last five year data. It divulges that company has increased its overall efficiency by reducing overall cost of capital and increasing the return available to investors. Time interest ratio- This ratio reflects how well company could manage its interest payment through its EBIT. Company has increased its interest coverage ratio by 7% as compared to last five years data. Debt to equity ratio- This ratio reflects the relation between debts to equity capital. It is evaluated that company has increased its debt to equity ratio by 3 points since last five years. It is evaluated that company should reduce its financial risk with a view to keep its financial leverage balanced. However, it will not only decrease the financial risk but also increase the cost of capital of the company. It is further observed that company need to manage this capital structure to keep balance between risk and cost of capital of company. Description Formula JB Hi-Fi Limited 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Times interest earned EBIT / Interest expenses 24.363636 55.25 33.5 21.222222 17.8 Cash coverage ratio EBIT + non-cash expenses / interest expenses 269.00 222.00 202.00 192.00 179.00 Debt to Equity Ratio Debt/ Equity 1.87 1.45 1.61 1.92 2.47 It is evaluated that JB Hi-Fi Company has effective price earnings ratio. It shows that company has high amount of earning and performing very good in market. It has managed to keep 60.90 price earnings ratio throughout the time. Market based ratios Price / earnings ratio Market value per share / earnings per share 60.90 Dividend yield ratio dividend / current share price 4.99 JB Hi-Fi Company is performing well in electronic market. However, in order to provide good return to its investors, company has managed to keep dividend yield ratio of 4.99 in market. It has increased its dividend yield ratio even if the sluggish market condition (Yahoo finance, 2017). It has been observed that JB Hi-Fi Company has adopted double entry accounting system and followed IFRS and GAAP rules in its reporting and accounting frameworks. It is evaluated that company has harmonized accounting policies and frameworks by following IFRS rules and regulation in its business (JB Hi-Fi, 2017). Recommendation It is evaluated after analyzing the annual report of company that investors should keep their money invested in JB Hi-Fi Company for long run. If they invest their money in JB Hi-Fi Company business management for short term then they will end up by destructing the value of the investment. After evaluating the annual report of company, it is considered that JB Hi-Fi Company has increased its total turnover and efficiency of business since last five years. However, company has faced various external factors due to sluggish market condition. The main increment of JB Hi-Fi Company is high level of revenue and it has increased its revenue by 60% within five years. References Bloomberg, 2017 retrieved on 16th October, 2017 from www.bloomberg.com.au Bloomberg, 2017, government security retrieved on 16th October, 2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds/government-bonds/australia Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Engage Learning. JB Hi FI Company 2016, annual report, retrieved on 27th October, 2017 from https://www.jbhifi.com.au/Documents/2017%20Annual%20Report.pdf Yahoo finance, 2017 retrieved on 16th October, 2017 from https://in.finance.yahoo.com/ Zhu, J., 2014.Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking: data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets(Vol. 213). Springer.

Sympathy for the Devil free essay sample

The Rolling Stones The first thing that I noticed when I heard this song is how different it is from almost every other song that I have heard. The Instruments used seem odd for The Rolling Stones, and rock songs In general. It starts off with a combination of drums and maracas, sounding like Brazilian samba music. Usually rock music has a 4/4 backseat with a bass drum, but this song does not contain that attribute. There is no rhythm guitar but instead an electric bass and piano is used.The bass guitar is used to replace the rhythm guitar, lead guitarist Keith Richards also plays it, and so this may explain this. Im going to start off by discussing the lyrics of the song and what they are about. I noticed that one of the lines every cop is a criminal, and all the sinners saints seems to suggest that the devil isnt that bad, and that all people have some devil in them. The difference between good and evil is a continuing theme throughout the song. Jesus Christ in mentioned and the devil says that he stolen many a mans soul and faith.The songwriter is not arguing Christian doctrine, he is using the devil as a symbol of how it works in the world and that we need to have our guards up because evil will be disguised and may not appear as obvious to us. This was analyzed from the lines l watched with glee, while your kings and queens fought for ten decades for the gods they made. Now will discuss the music, the different sections, and how they evolve throughout the song. The track begins with a beat on one drum, and then congas are added as accents to the last beats of the line. Other instruments join in and it sounds like a jungle beat with Jaeger howling in the background like a wolf, giving the impression of being in a dark jungle. As the beat continues, piano is introduced with a slow series of chords. This is when Jaeger beings by singing: please allow me to introduce myself, Im a man of wealth and taste. After the first four lines bass Starts and it builds on the drum mix still going on in the background. The bass makes the song sound angry, and the bass doesnt play a repetitive riff it seems to be improvised or laded randomly.The first verse and chorus end with the pianist playing at an even pace, but when the second verse begins he starts playing faster and more frantic. The sound of the instruments matches the lyrics of the song, singing about overthrowing government and the blitzkrieg. At the third verse we can hear background vocals singing at the end of each line. These vocals add an eerie sound to the rhythmic instruments, and Jaegers voice begins to crack on every word. The fourth verse is a guitar solo by Keith Richards and is not really following the beat.He goes from note to note, sliding his fingers across the strings, producing a noticeable sound and then a note is held for several beats. The guitar represents the character that is portrayed in the lyrics, unpredictable. After the guitar solo we hear the chorus, followed by another verse and the chorus again. All of the instruments are played together now and it all seems to be improvised, with no recognizable rhythm. The guitar and vocals play off each other nicely and then Jaeger says: can you guess my name? referring to the devil. Finally the song fades away to an end.When I watched a live video Of The Rolling Stones performing this Song I noticed how into it the whole crowd was. Sympathy For The Devil is sort of like an anti-war anthem for people. The whole stage was lit up in red with lights and there was fog on the stage as well to add more emotion to the song. In 2003, The Stones released this as a maxi-single, with 4 versions of the song. The original was there, as well as remixes by The Neptune, Potboy Slim, and Full Path. The industrial band Alabama released an entire album containing different covers of this song.

Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept Essay Example

Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept Essay SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, CONSUMERISM, AND THE MARKETING CONCEPT Robert D. Winsor, Loyola Marymount University ABSTRACT This paper compares the often-criticized selling orientation or selling concept with the commonly-praised societal marketing concept from the perspectives of consumer rationality and persuasibility. It is suggested that both orientations view consumers as relatively irrational and as easily prone to manipulation by marketers. The implications of this similarity are explored from the perspectives of consumerism and social responsibility. INTRODUCTION Critics of marketing have consistently attacked the discipline for discounting consumers intelligence and capacity for rational choice and for deliberately confounding consumers in their efforts to make rational, informed, unbiased, and free economic choices. At the same time, societal trends have pushed U. S. businesses in the direction of increasing concern for social issues and attention to long-run consumer welfare. The aforementioned criticisms and pressures for increasing social responsibility are largely driven by the same social paradigms and constituents. Yet, it is noteworthy that the ultimate result of an expanded social responsibility of business is the concomitant diminishment of free consumer choice. Moreover, this obstruction of consumer discretion is the inevitable consequence of presumptions of consumer irrationality. Thus, while groups such as consumerists have often criticized marketers explicitly for rejecting notions of consumer rationality, these same groups and sentiments have forcefully promoted the social responsibility of business and the societal marketing concept as advancements in business thought and practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As a result, contradictions can be seen to exist within the consumerist agenda, and are apparent (but unacknowledged) in the societal marketing concept and calls for increasing the responsibility of business toward social issues and concerns. The goal of this paper is to expose these contradictions and to elaborate upon their implications for business and society in general. THE EVOLUTION OF THE MARKETING CONCEPT In January of 1960, the marketing discipline entered a new age. In this year, we were presented with no ground-breaking theory, no pioneering methodology, no brilliant adaptation of another disciplines construct, and no monumental grant. We were, however, given something we would come to treasure much more highly than any of these. We were provided a raison detre and a philosophical foundation. It was on this date that the Journal of Marketing published an article by Robert Keith (1960) entitled The Marketing Revolution. And, since its publication, marketers have been able to feel justified in believing that their efforts were not only indispensable, but that they have been instrumental in bringing about sweeping improvements in the evolution of business practice. Although the revolution described by Keith has been tamed to become the evolution of the marketing concept, and the generalizablity of the evolution it described has been questioned by some (e. g. Fullerton, 1988), the transformation in American business described by Keiths model has no netheless served as a source of explanation and justification for marketing academicians. The post-evolution marketers have been lent a degree of dignity and a sense of purpose which was conspicuously lacking before. Prior to this date, marketers were perceived to be at best superfluous, and at worst dishonest or unscrupulous. Not that the average citizen considers marketing in any different light today, but the belief in an evolution of the marketing concept has allowed the academic marketing community a certain degree of self-respect. In his article, Keith described four eras or periods of thought and practice through which his organization, The Pillsbury Company, progressed. Keith believed that these eras were characteristic of most businesses which were contemporaries of Pillsbury, and thus speculated that an overall movement was in evidence. Since the publication of Keiths article, other writers have modified, refined, and extended the basic thesis advancing this evolutionary process: The most noteworthy and well-known of these descriptions is that of Philip Kotler. Kotler describes five alternative concepts or philosophies through which most businesses have evolved. Although any given business can operate under any of the philosophies, the underlying precept of the evolution thesis is that these philosophies form a hierarchy, with later philosophies being superior to those of earlier eras (Keith, 1960; Kotler, 1994). The implication is that to move from a lower level (earlier) philosophy to that on a higher level (later) is not only insightful, but also good business. The first eras or business philosophies are termed the product and the production concepts. The product concept emphasizes product quality and/or performance, and assumes that at least some consumers are knowledgeable enough to recognize and respect superior attributes in these areas. The production concept focuses upon systems for producing large volumes of products in an effort to drive down costs by exploiting economies of scale. This philosophy is based upon the assumption that most consumers not only recognize, but prefer high value (benefits price) offerings and are knowledgeable and rational in selecting among alternative products. A later era is known as the selling concept, and is based upon the premise that consumers are relatively uninformed regarding product attributes, or base their selection upon fashion or other non-rational criteria. Moreover, this orientation assumes that consumers are easily influenced. As a result, organizations employing the selling concept typically resort to aggressive selling and promotional efforts, with the goal of seducing or coercing customers into purchasing the product. A considerably higher plane of enlightenment is represented by the marketing concept era. The marketing concept is considered to be a quantum leap up the evolutionary hierarchy, and continues to be embraced by a great number of marketing scholars and businesses. The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors (Kotler, 1994, p. 18; 1977a). The motto of the marketing concept is find a need and fill it, and its credo is The Customer is King. Like the product and production concepts, but unlike the selling concept, the marketing concept is founded upon the assumption that consumers are knowledgeable, intelligent, and rational, and base their product purchases upon a careful consideration of the relationship between their own needs and product attributes. As a result, the fundamental premise of the marketing concept becomes a focus on the consumer as the pivotal point for all business activity (Barks dale and Darden, 1971). The thinking underlying the marketing concept was espoused as early as the 1940s and 1950s (Samli, Palda, and Barker, 1987; Bell and Emory, 1971). In 1958 the term marketing concept was coined to describe the philosophy behind this approach (see McKitterick, 1958), and by 1965 practically all introductory marketing texts included some discussion of the new marketing concept (Bell Emory, 197 1). The reason that the marketing concept was considered a major breakthrough in business philosophy is that it represented the antithesis of the product, production, and selling concepts. Rather than taking an existing product and endeavoring to modify demand for it by adding features, reducing price, or varying promotional technique, the marketing concept holds that businesses should first determine the existing needs in the marketplace and then design and produce a product to satisfy this need. In this sense the marketing concept is driven by the needs of the marketplace, rather than the existing abilities of the firm. The fifth, and supposedly highest stage of evolution in marketing philosophies is what Kotler terms the societal marketing concept. In each of his writings referencing the marketing concept, Kotler (1972, 1977b, 1994) clearly states his belief that the societal marketing concept embodies a higher and more enlightened plane of marketing thought and practice, and suggests that this new concept represents an attempt to harmonize the goals of business to the occasionally conflicting goals of society. As such, it postulates that the the organizations task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumers and societys well-being (Kotler, 1994, p. 29). It should be noted that the societal marketing concept is founded upon one dominant and critical proposition. This is the assumption that consumers wants do not always coincide with their long-run interests or societys long-run interests, and that, given this, marketers should place the emphasis on long-run consumer and societal well being (Kotler, 1977b). As a result, the societal marketing concept represents an endorsement and justification for the social responsibility of business in contemporary society, and a refutation of Milton Friedmans infamous assertion that the social responsibility of business is to make a profit (Friedman, 1962). THE CONSUMERISM MOVEMENT AS THE CATALYST FOR THE SOCIETAL MARKETING CONCEPT The latest consumerism movement is a cause that has been accumulating momentum for over 30 years in the U. S. , and its disciples assert that all consumers have an inherent right to products which are: safe in use (and even misuse), effective for the use designed, economical, reliable, honestly labeled and advertised, and benign in their impacts upon the environment. Moreover, consumerists have been very proactive in seeing that these rights are guaranteed to individual consumers, either by the firms selling the products, or by the government of this country. Adherents of consumerism tend to believe that businesses are so overwhelmingly motivated by the desire to make a profit that they commonly compromise the quality of the product offerings, thereby jeopardizing the safety of consumers. Consumerists cite examples of this greed, such as the Beech-Nut case involving the sale over 10 years of millions of cases of apple juice which was in reality only sweetened, flavored water (Business Week, 1988). The fact that such a large number and variety of these cases exist and continue to be exposed on a regular basis lends a great deal of credibility to the consumerism movement and its underlying assumptions. In explaining the rise of consumerism, Peter Drucker blamed the marketers for failing their consumers and publics in using the marketing concept: We have asked ourselves where in the marketing concept consumerism fits or belongs. I have come to the conclusion that, so far, the only way one can really define it within the total marketing concept is as the shame of the total marketing concept. It is essentially a mark of failure of the concept (Drucker, 1969) This quote is now famous to marketing practitioners, scholars, and critics alike, and the legitimacy of Druckers view is generally conceded. In the same year that Drucker made this accusation, Business Week (1969) also asserted that In the very broadest sense, consumerism can be defined as the bankruptcy of what the business schools have been calling the marketing concept. These condemnations of the marketing concept reflected a general assumption within both the business and academic spheres regarding the implications of consumerisms growing popularity. A substantial portion of scholars and managers surveyed in 1971, for example, believed that the rise in consumerism was a direct reflection of the inadequacy of the marketing concept (Barksdale and Darden, 1971). As the presumed response to the failure of the marketing concept, then, the consumerist movement became the foundation for a revised marketing concept which Kotler (1972) proposed as the successor to the failed marketing concept. As in earlier stages of the marketing philosophy evolution, the societal marketing concept was ostensibly constructed upon the ruins of its immediate predecessor. Since the most recent consumerist movement in the U. S. served as the catalyst for todays conceptualization and implementation of the societal marketing concept, it would seem important to understand the modern origins of this movement. ORIGINS OF THE MODERN CONSUMERISM MOVEMENT Writing in 1987, the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide described one car as perhaps the most sophisticated (certainly one of the most ambitious) cars ever to come from Detroit (Langworth and Robson, 1987, p. 51). These authors went on to proclaim that these were the kind of cars we should have had in the 1970s, and didnt. The car was the Chevrolet Corvair of the 1960s, and its conspicuous absence in the 1970s was the direct result of what many consider to be both consumerisms explosive postwar debut and also its finest hour. Indeed, the tomb of the Corvair became the foundation of consumerism as we know it today. While business historians (e. g. , Halberstam, 1986) are eager to criticize Detroits apparent indiff erence and ineptitude regarding the 1970s invasion of small, economical automobiles from foreign countries and the oil crisis which precipitated this invasion, this blame has been clearly misplaced and undeserved. In 1959, General Motors, acknowledging an existing need in the marketplace for a small, inexpensive, sporty, and fuel-efficient automobile, designed and marketed a vehicle to fill this need. This automobile, the Corvair, was indeed revolutionary in many respects, having four-wheel independent suspension, a rear-mounted air-cooled six-cylinder engine, the option of turbo-charging (a first), and an exhaust system design which would be used on a majority of automobiles for years to come. Both the Corvair and its functional, but considerably more primitive predecessor, the Volkswagen Beetle, were designed, built, and marketed with the highest regard for the marketing conceptoffering lower-income consumers the opportunity to own an economical, reliable, and fun-todrive automobile. Both cars were strong sellers, and appeared to satisfy a number of preexisting needs in the marketplace. In 1960, Consumer Reports praised the Volkswagen for its good workmanship, and handling and roadability which were well ahead of the U. S. average. Additionally, about the worst thing that Consumer Reports could find to say about the Corvair was a remark about its unimpressive trim quality (cf. Abernathy, Clark, and Kantrow, 1983). Unfortunately for many consumers, Ralph Nader would use these cars as a catapult for his career, and in so doing, would become synonymous with the consumerism movement. In 1965 he wrote a book entitled Unsafe at Any Speed, in which he criticized General Motors as being irresponsible, greedy, and unconcerned for the publics safety. Nader used the Corvair as the books primary example, developing an elaborate, scathing, but also relatively misplaced criticism of the Corvair. Due to the negative publicity which the book generated, the book dealt a death blow to the Corvair, which immediately began a downward sales spiral toward its eventual extinction in 1969. Inspired by the success of Unsafe at Any Speed, an equivalently brutal and faulty criticism of the Volkswagen Beetle was written in 1971 by a colleague and ally of Nader, and was entitled SmallOn Safety (Dodge, 197 1). Since, by the time of this books publication, millions of Volkswagens were on the road and were well-regarded as providing reliable, economical, and serviceable transportation, the book failed to achieve any credibility, and did little harm to Volkswagens sales. What should have been evident to readers of either book and to consumers in general, but was perhaps not appreciated until much later, was that it was physically impossible to construct a small economy car which was as safe as the leviathan Cadillacs, Lincolns, and Chryslers of the same period. Had a well-designed car such as the Honda Civic (or any other contemporary compact automobile) been introduced into the market in the 1960s, it too would have certainly been labeled as unsafe, and forced off the market. THE SOCIETAL MARKETING CONCEPT AND THEORY X The societal marketing concept is largely congruent with the multiple constituency model of organizations (Kimery and Rinehart, 1998), and general notions of the responsibility or obligation of businesses to social and environmental stakeholders. Contrasted to the marketing concept or orientation, which posits the direct and simple relationship between organizational profitability and responsiveness to customer needs and concerns, the societal marketing concept or multiple constituency model suggests that success is highly dependent upon an organizations attentiveness to all constituencies simultaneously (Kimery and Rinehart, 1998). Yet due to the common opposition between immediate consumer needs and long-term societal and individual needs, the simultaneous satisfaction of all of these demands is frequently difficult if not impossible. Moreover, the focus upon un-stated or long-term customer needs and a concomitant discounting of stated consumer desires have distinct overtones of corporate or governmental paternalism and the assumptions of producer or governmental sovereignty, which this perspective necessarily implies. In short, where the marketing concept is the economic equivalent of the democratic process, the societal marketing concept is antithetical to the tenets of democratic equality and more comparable to economic fascism. In an eloquent paper outlining the conceptual foundations of his societal marketing concept, Kotler adapted Douglas McGregors managerial Theory X / Theory Y to illustrate alternative perspectives of customers (Kotler, 1977b). According to McGregor, Theory X managers view their employees as being lazy, ignorant, gullible, suspicious, and disloyal. In contrast, Theory Y managers view their employees as informed, intelligent, motivated, unique, and rational (McGregor, 1957, 1985). In his adaptation, Kotler makes the assertion that businesses subscribing to the philosophy embodied within the societal marketing concept make assumptions about their customers which are consistent with Theory Y (as opposed to Theory X). In other words, Kotler believes that the societal marketing concept is philosophically consonant with a perspective of the consumer as informed, intelligent, and rational, suggesting the higher plane of enlightenment shared by adopters of this concept and alluding to the concepts supposed capacity for consumer empowerment. Although Kotler makes a valuable contribution in adapting this managerial framework to the marketing discipline, he grossly errs in his interpretation. A far more plausible observation is that the societal marketing concept is solidly built upon Theory X assumptions about consumers on the part of the marketer. According to Kotler (1977b), societal marketers are more attuned to the buyers unexpressed needs than overexpressed wants, and place an emphasis upon long-run consumer and societal well being. Because of this, the societal marketing concept clearly forces or compels marketers to make judgments about what is best for consumers, and what needs are valid (as opposed to those that are spurious or unwholesome). It is in this way that the societal marketing concept becomes the ultimate subscriber and underwriter to the Theory X mentality. The conceptual foundation of the societal marketing concept (as well as of the consumerism movement) rests eavily upon the belief that the individu al consumer is unable to look out for him/herself, is gullible, ignorant, easily misled, does not know what is actually in his/her own best interest, and thus needs to be protected from powerful and unscrupulous marketers. In this way, the belief that the role of the marketer is to interpret what is best for society and individuals necessitates the assumption that individuals do not and cannot know what is best for themselves. Nor is this an overstatement of the societal marketing concepts goals and assumptions. Bell and Emory (1971, p. 40), proponents of this concept, assert that The typical consumer is at such a disadvantage that he cannot assure his own effectiveness. Business has the responsibility to help him, and if business fails then the government or other parties must act on the consumers behalf. In addition, in circumstances where the buyer is unwilling or unable to make rational decisions, Bell and Emory believe that It is the duty of business to promote proper consumption values (Bell Emory, 197 1, p. 40, emphasis added). Yet these are precisely the paternalistic attitudes which characterize the Theory X manager according to McGregor. The fact that some consumers may choose to buy a subcompact automobile because they prefer economy over a certain degree of safety, or that some choose to subsist on McDonalds hamburgers, fries and milkshakes despite their unhealthfullness does not imply that these individuals are stupid, or gullible, or that they need to be enlightened by consumerism or societal marketing techniques, This is in fact the precise point at which the evolution of the marketing concept breaks down. The marketing concept holds that marketers should strive to supply products for every consumer need, provided these needs are not grossly threatening to society, and that any decision the customer makes to serve his own perceived selfinterest is rational (Bauer Greyser, 1967). It is thus impossible to interpret the societal marketing concept as anything but a move backward into the period where the selling concept ruledwhere consumers were ignorant, irrational, and easily anipulated by more insightful marketers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS While consumerists and other critics of the selling concept regularly and loudly chastise business organizations for employing marketing strategies and campaigns which are ostensibly based upon assumptions of consumer ignorance and irrationality, these same guardians of consumer interest are typically synonymous with those pushing organizations most forcefully into programs of social responsibility and the societal marketing concept. Yet, as noted above, the agenda of social responsibility in business is clearly based upon assumptions of equal (or even greater) degrees of consumer ignorance and irrationality. Disciples of the societal marketing concept appear to be largely oblivious to the relatively absurd levels that businesses have been pushed by forces in concert with their agenda. (Witness the warning on McDonalds coffee cups: Caution: HOT! . . . CAUTION: CONTENTS HOT! Caution: HOT! . . . Caution: HOT! . . . WARNING: HOT! /! .. which are combined with a corollary reduction in the temperature of the liquid itself actions which were necessitated by the infamous multimillion dollar legal claim against the company a lawsuit which was applauded by numerous consumerist groups. ) But, as Levitt noted in 1958, self-conscious dedication to social responsibility may have started as a purely defensive maneuver against strident attacks on big corporations and on the moral efficacy of the profit system. But defense alone no longer explains the motive. The motive for corporate social responsibility and the overwhelming push for social responsibility in the pursuit of sales now arises out of the industrial sectors near-total dependence on social trends and the sentiment of a minority of consumers. Corporations that have been beaten into submission by frivolous lawsuits and that are afraid to arouse consumerist accusations of indifference have been forced to pander to the lowest common denominator of consumer passivity, ignorance, and laziness. As predicted by McGregor, these Theory X attitudes and actions have subsequently bred and reinforced the very passivity, ignorance, and laziness in consumers they were designed to anticipate and amend. Ironically, the similarities between the selling concept and the societal marketing concept regarding their shared assumption of consumer ignorance can be seen as forming the perfect foundation for either societal altruism or, alternatively, opportunistic exploitation. In many cases, these efforts can be difficult to distinguish from one another, and apparent acts of altruism or social responsibility can provide the perfect camouflage for exploitation. Because organizations are rapidly becoming aware of the power of greenconsumers, for example, there is a significant temptation to advance this agenda through the marketing program as a powerful device for cultivating customer loyalty and anesthetizing consumer prudence and vigilance. As Kotler (1994, p. 30) notes, a number of companies have achieved notable sales and profit gains through adopting and practicing the societal marketing concept. One of the two shining examples Kotler cites is The Body Shop, started by Anita Roddick in 1976. This organization has experienced phenomenal sales growth by actively promoting its products as all-natural, environmentally friendly, and non-animal-tested, and its business practices as sociallyconcerned. Moreover, Roddick has frequently and publicly ridiculed other cosmetics companies, noting that they are run by men who create needs that dont exist (Zinn, 1991). Indeed, The Body Shop became in the 1980s the prototype that all earth-friendly businesses would seek to emulate. As the vanguard of social responsibility, The Body Shop and its founder became the beneficiary of huge volumes of positive publicity, international acclaim, and consumer goodwill. Yet recent explorations into The Body Shops products and business practices have found elements which yield a stark contrast to the public images and perceptions noted above. Products of the company have been found to be largely petrochemical-based and of relatively poor-quality, and a large proportion of them have been tested on animals. In addition, the socially-enlightened business practices of this company have been exposed as creative public relations efforts, and the FTC has nvestigated the firm for fraudulent business dealings (Entine, 1993; Buszka, 1997). Clearly, it must inevitably be those organizations which are encouraged to view their consumers as ignorant or irrational that can and will most easily extend that notion to discover opportunities for exploiting that ignorance and irrationality. It is for this reason that those espousing the societal marketing concept and the social responsibility of business can be seen as the greatest danger to consumer sovereignty and con sumer welfare. As Lord Acton observed, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Yet it is a corollary rule that in reducing one individuals power, all others with whom that person deals have their relative power increased. 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